lankawa buu kampanayata lan wei.

Y%S ,xldj NQlïmk l,dmhg <x fjhs

N%ñlïmd" wk;=re ol=K wdishdfõ ck Ôú; lïmkhg m;a lr ;sfí' jir 81 lg miq bkaÿ ) hqf¾ishdkq NQ ;,h il%Sh ùfuka fkamd,fha§ ñh.sh .Kk oi oyilg wdikakh' NQ úoHd{hkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq ù we;af;a B<Û NQñlïmdj isÿjk Èkh iy ;ek fkdj tu NQñlïmdfjka ñhhk m%udKh wju lr.kafka flfiao hkak ms<sn|jh' fldaá y;aishh ^700& bla‌ujd f.dia‌ we;s f,dal ck.yKh mD;=úh u; we;s lrk mSvkhg tfrysj fidnd oyu wldreKsl f,i l%shd;aul ù ;sfí' ol=Kq wdishdfõ udkjhdf.a wkd.;h NQñlïmd u; ;SrKh jk ;ekg m;afjñka ;sfí'



weußld tla‌i;a ckmofha NQ úoHd ióla‍IK wdh;kfha ^USGS& o;a;j,g wkqj 1905 jif¾ isg 2015 ola‌jd .; jQ ishji ;=< NQñlïmd wk;=rej,ska ol=Kq wdishdfõ ;=ka ,la‍I mkia‌ oyila‌ ^ 350"000& muK ñhf.dia‌ ;sfí' ydks jQ foam< jákdlu remsh,a ì,shk .Kkls' bkaÈhdj" fkamd,h" mlsia‌:dkh" we*a.ksia‌:dkh" Y%S ,xldj fï f€ojdplfha f.dÿre njg m;a jQ m%Odk ol=Kq wdishdkq rgj,ah'


ol=Kq wdishdfõ m%Odk NQ ;, f¾Ld wY%s;j YS>%fhka isÿjk kd.ÍlrKh fya;=fjka NQñlïmd urK ,ehsia‌;=j Èfkka Èk by< hñka ;sfí' fkamd,fha u< isrerej,ska lshdmdkafka wúêu;a kd.ÍlrKfha m%;sM,hkah' fyg Èkfha fjkia‌ úh yela‌fla fï m%;sM, msg lrk k.rh muKs'

NQñlïmd we;sjkafka flfiao@

mD:súh iE§ we;af;a m%Odk NQ ;, follsks' tu NQ ;, fol kï id.r ;,h ^oceanic plate& iy uyoaùmsl ;,h ^continental plate & fõ' fuu uyoaùmsl ;,h m%Odk NQ ;, wglska iy l=vd uÜ‌gfï NQ ;, kuhlska iukaú;h' fuu ishÆ NQ ;, wia‌:dhs f,i ks;r tyd fuyd .uka lrñka ;sfí' iuyr NQ ;, b;d fõ.fhka .uka lrk w;r we;eï tajd b;d fiñka .uka lrkq ,nhs' fï jk úg;a bkaÈhdkq NQ ;,h jirlg fikaá ógr 5 la‌ muK W;=re wdishdj foig .uka lrñka isà' fufia .uka lsÍfï§ NQ ;, udhsfï ksrka;r .eàï we;s fõ' iudk n, we;s ;, .eàfuka l÷ ks¾udKh jk w;r m%;súreoaO n, iys; ;, .eàfuka wjdg ks¾udKh fõ' iuyr NQ ;, wl%Sh jk w;r we;eï tajd b;d il%Sh ;;a;ajfha mj;S' il%Sh NQ ;, .eàfuka .sksl÷ Wm; ,nhs'



f,dalfha b;d il%Shu NQ ;,h f,i ie,flkafka iqud;%d NQ ;,hhs' iqud;%d NQ ;,fha Èklg NQñlïmd ishhla‌ muK isÿjk wjia‌:do ;sfí' fuu NQ ;, lïmkfhka ìysjk m%pKa‌v r< iqkdñ ^Tsunami& f,i y÷kajhs' fuu r< mehg lsf,daógr 400 l muK fõ.fhka .uka lrk w;r óg¾ 20)30 Wilg uqyqÿ r< ks¾udKh lrkq ,nhs' 2004 jif¾ foieïn¾ 26 Èk Y%S ,xldjg n,mEfõ fujeks iqkdñhls'


iEu fudfyd;lu fmdf<dj wNHka;rfha NQ ;, .eàï isÿfõ' fuu .eàï fmdf<dj wdikafka isÿ fjoa§ we;s lrk n,mEu b;d ydksodhlh'



ta jdf.au .eUqre fmdf<dfõ§ isÿjk NQñlïmdj,ska we;s flfrk miqlïmk ^Aftershock& fkdis;+ fudfyd;l udkj ckdjdi u; oeä n,mEu we;s lrkq ,nhs' miq.shod ^uehs 12od& fkamd,fha fojeks jr isÿ jQ NQ lïmkh wfma%,a 25 jeksod isÿ jQ uq,a NQ lïmkfha miqlïmkhla‌ f,i NQ úoHd{fhda i,lkq ,nhs' fuu miqlïmk jir .Kkdjla‌ mqrd mej;sh yelsh' Y%S ,xldfõ 2004 iqkdñ jHikhg n,mE uQ,sl NQ lïmkh f,i NQ úoHd{hka i,lkq ,nkafka 1833 jif¾ bkaÿksishdfõ l%lfgdajd ^Krakatoa& .sks lkao mqmqrd heuh' fuh f,dal b;sydifha yඬ ke.+ msmsÍula‌ úh'



;sia‌yh oyilg ^36000& wêl msßilg urKh Wreu lrÿka fuu msmsÍfuka i,aµ¾ fgdka ñ,shk 20 la‌ muK jdhqf.da,hg tl;= ù ;sfí' .sks l÷ ÿu jdhq f.da,hg uqiqùfuka wjqreÿ 5 la‌ mqrd f,dal WIaK;ajh fiakaá%f.aâ wxYl 1'2 ^1'2C& my< f.dia‌ ;sìKs'


Y%S ,xldj NQ lïmk l,dmhg <xfjhs

Y%S ,xldjg ol=Kq foiska lsf,da óg¾ 500)700 w;r ÿrlska bkaÿ ) Tia‌fÜ%,shdkq NQ ;,fha kj;u NQ úfNaok l,dmfha n,mEfuka Y%S ,xldfõ NQñlïmd wk;=re by< hd yels nj NQ úoHd{fhda wk;=re wÛj;s'


fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,fha NQ úoHd{ fc f–IaG uydpd¾h iS' î' Èidkdhl" uydpd¾h lms, oykdhl" uydpd¾h ú,anÜ‌ flfy,amkak, hk NQ úoHd{hka fï wjodkï l,dmh ms<sn| jd¾;d bÈßm;a fldg we;af;a fndfyda l,l isgh' bkaÿ ) Tia‌fÜ%,shdkq NQ ;,h úfNaokh ùu werfUkafka jir ñ,shk mkylg muK fmr isgh' bÈßhg;a jir ñ,shk oyhla‌ muK fuu úfNaokh isÿúh yels nj Tjqyq wk;=re wÛj;s'


fldf<dïìhd úYajúoHd,hg wkqnoaO Lamont Doherty mD:sú ksÍla‍IKd.drfha ^LDEO& NQ úoHd{ fþïia‌ fldla‌rka ^James Cochran& mjikafka ksh; jYfhkau bkaÿ Tia‌fÜ%,shdkq NQ ;yvqj úfNaokh jkq njhs' fuu úfNaokfhka wdishdj ;jÿrg;a ysud,h iy áfnÜ‌ idkqj foig ;,aÆ ù hd yels nj Tyq mjihs'


fuu NQ ;, úfNaokfha we;s jk wia‌:dhs NQ l,dmfha oekgu;a ks¾udKh ù we;s nj mjik NQ úoHd{" uydpd¾h iS' î' Èidkdhl uy;d bÈßfha§ Y%S ,xldfõ uOHu l÷lrfha kdhheï by< heug fuu ;;a;ajh oeäj n, mE yels nj mjihs'


bkaÿ Tia‌fÜ%,shdkq NQ ;,fha kj úfNaok l,dmh ìysùu we;eï NQ úoHd{fhda neyer lrkq ,n;s' tkuq;a weußld tla‌i;a ckmofha NQ úoHd ióla‍IK m¾fhaIK wdh;kh ^USGS& meyeÈ<sju Tjqkaf.a NQ úfNaok is;shïj, fuu kj l,dmh i,l=K lr we;' tu l,dmh Y%S ,xldj iómfha msysgd we;s njo tu jd¾;dj, i|ykah'


wm l< hq;af;a l=ula‌o@

1615 wfma%,a 14 jk Èk fld<U k.rfha isÿ jQ oejeka; NQñ lïmdjlska foish fokl= muK ñhf.dia‌ ksjdi 700 la‌ muK ìug iu;,d ùfï isoaêhla‌ mD;=.d,fha f,aLkd.dr jd¾;dj, i|yka fõ' 1616 ,sia‌nka k.rfha uqo%Kh jQ l=vd fmd;l fuu jd¾;dj we;=<;aj ;sî we;' ta jf.au 1814 cqks 14 jeksod uvl,mqfõo 1976 ;x.,af,ao" 1979 nÿ,a," mia‌ir hk m%foaYj, o 2012 jif¾ wïmdr m%foaYfhao NQñlïmd isÿj ;sfí'



2012 NQ lïmkh fya;= jQfha bkaÿ Tia‌fÜ%,shdkq NQ ;,h u; we;s jQ .eàuls' fuu NQ lïmkfha n,mEu nx.,dfoaYh" bkaÈhdj" bkaÿksishdj" uef,aishdj" ud,Èjhsk" isx.mamQrej" ,xldj" ;dhs,ka;h wd§ rgj,go n, mE w;r lïmkfha n,mEfuka we;s jQ yDo frda.j,ska 10 fokl= muK ñh .sfhah'


ßla‌g¾ udml 5 fyda 6 w;r úYd, NQñlïmdjla‌ Y%S ,xldfõ isÿ jqjfyd;a f.dvkeÛs,sj,g nrm;< ydks isÿúh yels nj NQ úoHd{fhda mji;s'



tfukau ßla‌g¾ udml 7 g jeä NQ lïmdjla‌ Y%S ,xldfõ ngysr isg kef.kysr foig úysfok NQ lïmk l,dmfha isÿ jqjfyd;a iqkdñ ;;a;ajhla‌ we;s ùfï wjodkula‌ mj;S' tfukau rg wNHka;rfha isÿ jk NQ lïmdjlska nrm;<u ydksh isÿúh yela‌fla uOH l÷lr m%foaYhgh'


uOH l÷lrh wY%S; msysgd we;s c,dYj, neñj,g nrm;< ydks isÿùfï wjOdku b;d by<h' 2007 cqks udifha ;sia‌iuydrdu m%foaYfha NQ p,k 4 la‌ isÿúh' fuu m%foaYfha ÆKq.ïfjfyr c,dYh msysgd we;s neúka fuu c,dYh ms<sn|j ksrka;r wjOdkhla‌ fhduq lr ;sîu b;d jeo.;ah'


fmr iQodku

mD:súfha NQ p,k ksÍla‍IKh lsÍu i|yd kùk ;dla‍IKsl WmlrK fhdod .ekSu flfrys NQ úoHd{hkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq ù we;' pkao%sld o;a; iuÛ GPS ^Global Positioning System& ;dla‍IKh" f,dalfha wd¾:sl w;ska fmdfydi;a rgj, fhdod.ksñka w;ayodne,Sï isÿ lrhs' ksrka;rfhka NQñlïmd isÿjk weußldfõ le,sfµdakshd m%dka;fha NQ lïmk urK wju lr.ekSug GÂ ;dla‍IKh iu;aj ;sîu ol=Kq wdishdkq jeishkag i;=gqodhl m%jD;a;shla‌ úh yel' kuq;a wd¾:slfha È<s÷ Ndjh Tjqkaf.a i;=g Wÿrdf.k ;sfí'


Y%S ,xldfõ l÷lr wY%s;j GÂ WmlrK iúlsÍfuka wkd.;fha isÿjk NQñlïmd ms<sn|j o;a; ,nd.; yelsh'


fuu GÂ ;dla‍IKh u.ska jdhq f.da,fha le<öï ksÍla‍IKh lsÍug yelsùu fya;=fjka ia‌Ndúl úm;aj,ska isÿjk ydks wju lr .ekSugo yelsh' fuh ñ, wêl jHdmD;shls' fujeks jHdmD;s rfÜ wd¾:slh u; ;SrKh jkq we;'


ol=Kq wdishdkq foaYmd,k wêldßh ia‌Ndúl úm;a wju lr .ekSu fjkqfjka fmdÿ iïuq;shlg t<öu b;d läkñka isÿ l< hq;=h we;' Y%S ,xldfõ NQ úoHd{hka iy bkaÈhdkq NQ úoHd{hka taldnoaOj m¾fhaIK isÿ lsÍfuka bÈßfha§ oejeka; NQñlïmdj,ska isÿjk urK wju lr.; yels jkq we;' foaYmd,k kHdh m;% mfil ;nd wdishdkq foaYmd,k kdhlhka fmruqKg meñ”u ;j;a mud l< hq;= ke;'


idudkHfhka NQñlïmdjlska ñksiqkag ydks isÿjkafka ke;' bka nrm;<u ydks isÿjkafka f.dvkeÛs,sj,gh' tneúka f.dvkeÛs,s bÈlsÍfï§ Y%S ,xldfõ jdia‌;= úoHd{hka NQñlïmd ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq lr ie,iqï ilia‌ lrkafka kï bÈßfha§ oejeka; úkdYhla‌ j<ld .; yelsh' weußldfõ le,sfµdakshd m%dka;fha merKs .fvd,a f.dvkeÛs,s oyia‌ .Kkla‌ lvd bj;a lr ta fjkqjg jdfka ;yvq iy fldkal%SÜ‌ fhdod bÈlsÍï isÿ lsÍfuka NQñlïmd urK wju lr f.k ;sfí' cmdkho Tjqkaf.a idïm%odhsl .Dy ks¾udK l,dj fjkqjg NQñlïmdjkag Tfrd;a;= fok ksjdi bÈlsÍfuka ydks wju lrf.k ;sfí' wjdikdjlg Y%S ,xldfõ fï iïnkaOfhka ixjdohla‌ mjd fkd;sîu wkd.;fha oejeka; úkdYhlg uq, msÍuls'

NQñlïmdjlg fmr iQodku

* .sks ksjk WmlrKhla‌" m%:udOdr fmÜ‌áhla‌" negßfhka l%shd lrk .=jka úÿ,s hka;%hla‌" úÿ,s mkaoula‌ iy wu;r negß Tn;a ksjfia ;nd.kak'

* m%:udOdr §u ms<sn|j bf.k .kak'

* .Eia‌ iy úÿ,sh bla‌uKska wl%Sh lrk wdldrh bf.k .kak'

* NQlïmkhlska miq Tfí mjq, yuqjk ia‌:dkhla‌ ie,iqï lr.kak'

* ksjfia rdla‌l u; nr jia‌;= ;eîfuka j<lskak'

* ,S nvq YS;lrK" fmdf<dfõ wdOdrl u; r|jd ;nkak'

* NQñlïmdjl§ uqyqK §u iïnkaOfhka mdif,a§ yd /lshd ia‌:dkfha§ ie,iqï lrkak'

NQñlïmd w;r;=r

* ikaiqka jkak' Tn ksjfia we;=<; isà kï we;=<; isákak' msg; isàkï msg; isákak'

* Tn ksjfia we;=<; isà kï tu ksjfia ueog jkakg ;sfnk ì;a;s wdikakfha /£ fkdisákak' Tn /£ isáh hq;af;a fodr udjf;ah'

* Yla‌;su;a ,S NdKa‌v ;sfí kï tajd hgg .uka lrkak'

* msg; fodrj,a yd cfka, wdikakfha /£ fkdisákak'

* Tn t<suyfka isà kï úÿ,s /yeka fkdue;s újD; m%foaYhlg hkak'

f.dvkeÛs,s wi, isàfuka j<lskak'

* .sksfmÜ‌á" bámkaoï Ndú;fhka j<lskak' ukao leã.sh .Eia‌k<j,ska .sks .ekSï we;s úh yel'

* Tn fudag¾ r:h Odjkh lrñka isákafka kï jydu fudag¾ r:h kj;ajkak' NQñlïmdj wjika jk;=re fudag¾ r:h ;=< /£ isákak'

* úÿ,s fidamdk Ndú; fkdlrkak'

NQñlïmdfjka miq

* ;=jd,lrejkag yels bla‌uKska m%:udOdr ,ndfokak'

* c,h" .Eia‌" úÿ,s /yeka mÍla‍Id lrkak'

* ksjfia fodr cfk,a újD; lr bj;g hkak'

* .=jka úÿ,s hka;%h l%shd;aul lrkak' yÈis wjia‌:djl§ yer cx.u ÿrl:kh l%shd;aul fkdlrkak'

* levqKq f.dvkeÛs,s wdikakfhka bj;g hkak'

* uqyqÿ fjrf<ka bj;aj hkak' NQñlïmd k;r jQjo iqkdñ wjodku myj hkafka ke;'

* miqlïmk we;súh yels neúka wjOdkfhka isákak'

2004 iqkdñ jHjikfha§ oejeka; úkdYla‌ isÿ jQ neúka Y%S ,dxlshka fuu lreKq flfrys úfYaI wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h'


Wmqgd.ekSu ) Èjhsk mqj;am;